A CD with pre-emphasis without de-emphasis processing will sound bright. More noticeable on rock recordings due to percussion and cymbals. A little less noticeable on classical recordings because most classical does not have a lot of high treble energy.
Exact Audio Copy (EAC), dBpoweramp, and CUERipper are able to detect pre-emphasis. It gets more tricky if the pre-emphasis flag is only in the subcode rather than in the TOC. CUERipper and old versions of EAC can detect pre-emphasis that is only noted in the subcode.
It's a manual process that involves being observant during the rip of the CD to notice if the ripping software tells you there is pre-emphasis.
The pre-emphasis was applied to the audio using an analog process. The way to most accurately sonically do the reverse of that pre-emphasis filter is to use an analog de-emphasis filter.
A digital de-emphasis filter can very very closely match the EQ frequency curve for de-emphasis. But won't get the phase right the way it was with the analog filter. Digital filters also have their own sonic artifacts and personality. For example the difference between linear phase digital filters and minimum phase digital filters can be audible. Choosing whether to do the digital de-emphasis with a linear phase or with a minimum phase filter will make a difference. There are other choices in the digital filter design that can make audible differences too. A digital filter that exactly matches an analog filter isn't easy or really possible.
There is a list of CDs with pre-emphasis
here and
here. Those lists focus more on rock recordings than classical. There's a bunch of classical recordings with pre-emphasis that are missing from those two lists.