They're not really limited at all. The OSX Disk Utility is based on fsck, which is a powerful Unix command that fixes the filesystem. As I said, though, the Filesystem is only part of the equation, and that tells you nothing about the underlying data, or disk. If you take a badly failing disk, and freshly format it, and then run Disk Utility on it, it'll show up clean then too. You won't see issues until the disk tries to use the blocks that have actually gone bad.
It is possible that something else is crashing badly and then some process is writing nonsense all over your disk, but I'm skeptical that it is MC doing it without more evidence. It is much more likely, I agree with Bartman, that it is a hardware issue.
The recovery mode for your computer should have an automated hardware test. This would be a good place to start:
http://support.apple.com/en-us/HT202731That should test all of the components. Because the problem could be in the Graphics card, for example. Any driver or hardware problem that makes the computer crash, if the computer crashes at the wrong moment with the filesystem in flight, bad things can certainly happen to HFS+ which could manifest as a borked disk. So, if you've reformatted or "fixed" it, and then scan with the Disk Utility, then it won't find anything wrong, until
next time it happens. If you're using an esoteric third-party DAC for audio playback, that could be another possible culprit.
In general, though, the memory processes on OSX are isolated, and MC cannot make Chrome crash. That, to me, is the biggest sign that your computer is having other, more general, problems. MC could, if it wanted to (though it wouldn't), write nonsense all over your boot drive. But, it can't touch the memory of a running Chrome process and make it crash. It isn't
allowed to do that. Drivers can, MC can't.
The cause could be failing hardware, a bad disk, or just existing filesystem problems. It could also, conceivably, be MC, but that probably points more to a driver issue (causing an ill-timed crash) than MC itself writing all over your disk. Even so, we need to rule out hardware issues first. The automated Apple Diagnostics package is a good place to start.