I'm pretty sure this trips up most people with MadVR.
If you're trying to upscale content that's LOWER resolution, it's actually *more* of a load on the system.
Say we're targeting a 4K display, and we have 4K retail video sources, well if you aren't using doubling or quadrupling, MadVR is mostly being loaded with the Chroma scaling step.
Whereas, if we're bringing up say 576p (aka SD video like you're using here, not 720p which is more in the ballpark of 1280x720) to a 4K display, MadVR is now handling some pretty intensive Luma scaling in addition to the Chroma.
Convolution filters by their nature, also have quite a significant processing demand.
A piece of advice here that might address your issues, create another MadVR scaling profile. Be a little more conservative with your settings and any doubling / quadrupling, you can apply this profile to sub 1080p content or just switch to it on the fly. See if that helps at all, yes the scaling quality might not be as good but at least it's a starting point.
Hardware specs just out of curiosity? Been toying with the idea of Convolution filters for a test bed system that doesn't handle video but I know if I like what happens I'll want it in my actual system which does demand video.