Well, you wouldn't need to create a Playlist using the method I mentioned. You could just filter the View/Playlist/Smarlist as above, and then use the result directly. The View/Smartlist would not be static. Or just add the result to Playing Now and use that, or manipulate that further, all of which would be unique each time you used it.
The problem with your original proposed solution is that you are asking MC to return Metadata values (tag/field names, Artist, Featuring, Musicians, Producer) based on Data values (Kanye West) that appear in the fields. To the best of my knowledge, MC can't do that. Specifically, the List Manipulation functions all act on Data, and return Data values, and do not act on Metadata or return Metadata values.
In terms of exploring your data and finding connections, assuming that we are just working on the four fields in your example, for now, I would approach it this way.
Set up any View that includes all files.
If a Panes View and you want to select a person from a column, and all the possible Artists you want to find links for are actually recorded against at least one file in the Library as an Artist, then include the [Artist] field as the first field in the View, as per your example. Note that this will not work if a person is only listed in the Featuring, Musicians, or Producer fields, as they wouldn't appear in the [Artist] column and so could not be selected. So you would probably need to add Featuring, Musicians, and Producer columns as well as the Artist column. But then you would need to choose which field (column) to select a person via, rather than just supply their name once.
If either a Panes or Categories View, and you are willing to use the Search Box to initially narrow the displayed field, then you can search for any person's name which appears in the Library, regardless of which field it appears in, and enter this value just once. This is a broader solution than using the Panes View as above, and per your example.
Include in the Details Pane at the bottom a column for each of the fields you wish to want to see connections for. In this case, Artist, Featuring, Musicians, and Producer.
For each of those fields tick the checkbox "Show a link checkbox" in "Manage Library Fields" under Options.
To use, search for a person (or group I guess) using the Search Box, take note of which columns that name appears in, click the arrow next to the person's name in the column you want to investigate.
For example, search for "Kanye West" using the Search Box, note if "Kanye West" appears in the Producer column, click the arrow next to Kanye West's name under that column to see what other tracks he has produced.
Along with the return of metadata constraints I mentioned above, your requirement is really broad, so the above is the best I can do. Of course Play Doctor, with rules, could be one way to explore a Library, but it wouldn't do what you have requested. The question of how to discover connections within a Library of Tracks has come up before, and I have never seen a universal answer, other than Play Doctor.
As always, someone else may know better than me.