Hey Roger,
Nice USB detective work. There's a little bit more for us to do here though. I believe your laptop has three usb ports on it. Which ports go to which controller? Plug some usb sticks, mice or keyboards into the ports, and then run this program:
http://www.ftdichip.com/Support/Utilities.htm#MicrosoftUSBViewFrom the way you've responded to my posts so far, I am quite confident you'll have no trouble interpreting the results.
I've used Audacity in the past to rip vinyl. I followed this guide and got pretty good results:
http://manual.audacityteam.org/o/man/sample_workflow_for_lp_digitization.htmlThe SX-1010 has pretty good RIAA equalisation (what a phono preamp does) too, if internet reports are anything to go by.
Often it is much easier, especially when starting out, to get an audio interface (aka soundcard). These are a combination of a DAC and ADC in one box. Without knowing your budget, I will recommend the absolute minimum to help you get started:
http://www.amazon.com/Behringer-UFO202-BEHRINGER-U-PHONO/dp/B002GHBYZ0It's 2016, so some people might (rightly) scoff at a 16 bit soundcard recommendation, but really, at $30 it's a great way to start getting ASIO-driven, better-than-laptop DVD quality audio in and out of your computer. Here are it's specs:
If you're after something better/have more to spend:
Total Harmonic Distortion: lower is better
Signal to Noise Ratio: Higher is better
Bit dept and Sample Rate: Higher is better. (The UFO202 is 16bit, 48kHz)
The benefit to using an audio interface instead of a separate DAC and ADC is that they share the same clock, which just make a whole pile of things much easier in the future.
Now, how to get the best sound out of all this? Once you've got your soundcard or DAC, removing elements from your signal chain will yield measurable results. For instance, running a 24 bit soundcard directly into your amplifier's power-ins will bypass it's preamplifier. It's a bit risky, as a full volume signal from your soundcard could damage your amplifier or speakers (I've gotten away with this kind of scheme for about 5 years now without trouble. It just takes care and attention.) Maybe get a 24 bit ADC and do your RIAA equalisation inside J River! From there, the things you can do with MC's DSP functions should keep you entertained for decades.