Fiddling with an equalizer will not increase your deafness.
EQs, including the graphic EQ in MC, are limited to the amount of boost they can provide. The real issue is where you put the volume knob on your stereo (or the volume of your headphones. Any change you make with EQ is dwarfed by your volume control. If you keep the volume knob at a reasonable level, the small boost from the EQ won't be significant. The graphic EQ in MC can provide a 12db boost per band. So keep your volume control more than 12db below the threshold for exposure your audiologist sets, and the EQ won't push you above it.
There's no trick or secret formula for what you want. The thread above has some good info.
Get your audiologist to tell you how many db you have lost in each octave (frequency band) and make the corresponding amount of boost (to the extent possible) in the EQ.
If you try to boost the signal too much, you can cause clipping (distortion) not hearing damage. So if you need extra boost, you may have to digitally reduce the overall volume to provide more digital headroom, and then rely on your preamp's volume knob to raise the level back up for comfortable listening.
Just remember there's a limit to how much EQ can shape the signal: if you're totally deaf to certain frequencies (or have lost 60+db), that can't be compensated for.
If your audiologist refuses to give you specific data, you can download a free tone generator (google it) and use it to test yourself at 500 or 1000Hz increments, then determine how much boost you need at each frequency to perceive it at equal loudness.
Good luck.