Well,i will try to tell you.
You are from Germany,and you have more or less the same system than in France[i'am frech born ]
In England,you have to registered to an health center,according to the place you live.In 2 years in London,i saw a doctor only twice,so i do not really know how it works.
But i remember i had to registered to one of the health center in the part of London i had my flat.
Here ,in Israel,it is a different strange[?],messy[?] way.
You have National Insurance where you give money every month for health care-pension fund.
But National Insurance is only an office.
We have Heath funds. There is 4 or 5 or 6 of them ,i am not sure about the number-.
One is with a religious member,another one is link to Trade Union and socialist party,another one was created by the right[the Likoud party],i do not know about the others....
So,you start to understand why i said strange[?],messy[?]
KEEP IN MIND WE ARE ONLY 6 MILLIONS PEOPLE,we may have a heath fund for each 750 000 habitants....
It is up to you to be a member of one or another health fund.And you can change health fund
You can use any center in all the country.Like to have the blood test in the center near your flat in early morning,but to have your doctor in another center near your work.Even if you house and your work are not in the same town.
But you can use only centers from the health fund you are member.
Services are good and cheap.You have to pay $1 the first time you see a doctor for a period of 2 months.If you see the doctor twice a week for the next 2 months,you just pay once.You will have to pay again $1 at the start of the next 2 months.
If you see your doctor every 3 months,you will have to pay $1 each time.
If you need to see a special doctor[heart,eyes,...] with a letter from your doctor ,you pay $2 a visit.
You pay from 10% up to 40% of the price of the medecines
$1 is no money here-the price of a ticket bus.
Health funds get money from National Insurance according to members they have.
BUT[there is allways a BUT here..]
Health funds are private ,looking to make money.
They sell you extra health insurances[at nice price],travel insurances.
But not only.They make deals with other companys.
If you are member of health fund X,you can get special deal with wireless phone company Y.They send you catalogs with stuff 'certified heath fund X'.Bed,chair,armchair....computers-tv[!]Anything to make money.
In one super market i get 2% discount with my health fund card..even if i buy 10 bottles of alcool and 100 cigarettes!!
Since few years,my health fund try to be 'the smart for yuppies' health fund.
You can get alternative medecine at reduce cost,get special prices for health centers in Europe and so on.
In another hand,they cut more and more on humain forces,puting anything on computer.It is almost impossible to speak to someone now.
If you want to go to private doctor it cost a lot really