In the first attachment, it shows that sort is by name, but I'm not even sure what that refers to since I am looking at some variation of artist and my understanding is that [name] refers to a track name.
You are right. This is a VERY confusing point. [Name] can refer to different field names depending on the context. For example, if you have a categories view that shows first the Artist, and then the Album, [Name] will refer to Artist at the first level, and Album in the second level! [Name] becomes a shortcut for whatever category you happen to be in at the time. You can see how this would simplify thumbnail text, for example.
In the second attachment, I see sorting as I the Library view is actually doing it.
Your second attachment shows the Categories View definition on the left. That's not a sorting field. It's a categories list field. In your case, the first category is ArtistAutoSort. The second category is Album. ArtistAutoSort is NOT a standard MC field, so I'm not sure what it is. Probably a custom field you added to your library?
- What does the first attachment represent.
That's definitely the sorting applied to that level of the view. It will be sorting by the ArtistAutoSort field. Because you're at the first level of that Categories View, and that first level uses ArtistAutoSort. So [Name] becomes an alias for ArtistAutoSort.
Where is it specified what field is used to show the Album Artist (in my case).
I'm not sure I understand that question. Hopefully I've helped you figure out how this all works.
If you can't get this View to work as you are wanting it to, maybe take a different approach: Outline what you want displayed and sorted, and maybe we can point out how to do that in the interface.
Good luck.
Brian.