Lepa's probably on the right track here, if a firewall or something else is blocking MC from downloading plugins (e.g. LAV filters, madVR, etc.) it can certainly cause this sort of issue.
I suppose there's also a chance that an Intel Haswell iGPU might not be good enough anymore for MC. I seem to recall somebody saying that Intel dropped some sort of support for Haswell (and potentially other iGPUs) with Windows 10 in their drivers. Maybe it was a level of OpenGL support? I do know that newer versions of MC use ANGLE while older ones used Direct3D, if memory serves correctly. The ANGLE-based backend will depend on OpenGL ES and will require an minimum OpenGL support level, can't recall if it's 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, etc. If the plugins are downloaded for MC31 and it still doesn't work, I suppose it could be that. Or it could be a corrupted plugin download, which then you can first backing up the folders to the desktop with MC fully closed, then reopen MC and try playing a video file again and see if MC downloads the plugins needed and then hopefully it plays fine.
Just throwing some stuff out there, hopefully it's something simple like a firewall blocking it or corrupted plugin download or something like that. Good luck though regardless.