It's a good question. Considering macOS Mojave was released two years after MC22's development ended, it's perfectly feasible to say that changes in a future macOS update after a MC version's development has ceased *could* prevent the older version of MC from working. And since MC22's development has ended, no updates for MC22 fixing the issue likely will be released. But, like you said, MC24 works since it's been updated to work with Mojave without crashing so it's working there - MC23 appears to work too after applying the Security & Privacy workaround.
Windows is a bit more forgiving when it comes to using older versions of MC with newer versions of Windows due to how well Windows is backwards compatible. Mac and Linux? Not so much... IMO, it's only a matter of time older versions of MC stop working (at least to an extent, or become completely broken) on newer macOS and Linux distro releases. Apple tends to make major changes with each macOS update which could break things with older applications. I also suspect running older MC for Linux builds on newer Debian or Ubuntu releases *could* cause issues like crashes and segfaults.
Unless the Security & Privacy workaround or another macOS setting workaround works, then it's likely safe to say MC22 (and earlier versions) likely isn't compatible with Mojave.