This is not possible.
I love statements like that. "Not possible"?
If the card data had been stolen, but the data had never been used yet, and Sony either didn't know which data was stolen, or didn't want to admit it, or inform everyone affected, then the card would still be active, and could be used by anyone who bought the data. After all, that is why people steal such data, to sell to someone who will use the data one time, at some time in the future.
Your co-worker's experience is much like my bookstore example. A low level employee had their hands on the card data, and used it at a later time. It sounds like he sent that data in a message to Booking.com? I would never do that, particularly to a hotel in Indonesia. After all, that is why Payment Processing Services exist. To make sure the data is secure from all casual observers.
JRiver have said before that they never see your card data, so it couldn't be anyone from there.
I guess someone could hack the SSL encrypted transaction while it was in process. But that wouldn't be easy!
Also, Payment Processing Services live and die on the security of their transactions, so highly unlikely someone from there would be involved.
Hence, the Sony hack was my most probable source of a leak.
Anyway, sorry you got hacked.