Morning phiber, welcome to interact.
MC never knows what the current date is so we cannot do compares like that. What MC does is count the number of seconds elapsed since 01/01/1970 for any given event such as a file imported, or played, and then works out the user friendly info that it presents to us in the shape of dates. I've no idea how it does it so I'm afraid I cannot be more technical than that!!
There are more than a few ways to manipulate the date and time data that MC generates but we would need more info about your 'deadlines' to know if your goal is achievable.
In this thread, I've used the [date (filename friendly)] field to sort my photos the way I want, and
in this one, I've used the formatdate([date,0]) expression to give me numbers I can use to compare dates. It's quite possible that with more info, we could work out something that would work for you, though things that hinge around the current date are often difficult, the trick being to try and come up with a more static reference point that MC can track. What do the deadlines represent, and how is that data entered?
As for those 'unknown' or empty [album] fields, a search rule such as
-al=unknown,[] will make sure none of those are shown in your view scheme.
-marko