That looks like a fairly standard DivX file (though it is version 5, which is a little more rare, but nothing too weird).
MediaInfo recognized it as an AVI as well. I thought perhaps it was one of those odd .divx files that aren't well supported anywhere outside of the "official" DivX Player, but the MediaInfo results make me doubt that. If Windows Media Player won't play it, that explains why MC can't play it.
I'm totally guessing here, but it looks like those are tiny little "snippets" of video (the one you posted the screenshot of was 2 min long exactly and called "00069.avi"). It also has "Boilsoft Joiner" listed as the writing application. Perhaps this is a splitter/joiner application that was used to chop up a longer encode into smaller hunks, and it corrupted the AVI header in the process (or made it non-standard somehow).
Is there any chance you could post one somewhere so I could test it out on my system? I imagine if there is a problem with MC's rendering that MPC-HC could fix somehow (without an extra filter), that the JRiver folks might be able to fix the problem. Me testing it would tell us if it is something wrong with your CCCP install (which certainly should handle a DivX AVI) or if there is something else going on.