I haven't used Windows Firewall or Defender in ages. They weren't up to the task when I did. The current versions, especially on Windows 10, are better I believe, but I don't know how good.
The things is, I don't think either have the advanced features like heuristics, Intrusion Prevention, Browser Protection, Safe Surfing, Download intelligence, etc. But I could be wrong.
My approach when I have trouble with these sorts of applications is to learn why it is causing me problems, and see if it can be fixed. That way I don't have to re-learn another application, which is bound to have its own issues, which will take time before I find them, or suffer them. If the problems can't be fixed, or in my judgement the whole philosophy of the program is broken, for example with Acronis True Image backup software, then I move on and find another application. I don't think Norton is anywhere near a problem at this time, or has been for many years.
The Norton disable menu (right click on the system tray icon) only disables the Firewall or Auto-Protect mode. It doesn't disable the other features on Norton, which is an attempt I think to protect you from yourself. But if you had known to open the application and disable all features as I suggested, or maybe looked up the logs, you would have gotten further, quicker. I don't actually know how much you did, or how well you know the Norton functionality. If SiliconDust has suggested to me to uninstall Norton, I would have been straight to the logs, and if I didn't find anything, or wanted to test if messages I saw were causing the issue, I would have worked through turning off all the Norton features, then turning one at a time back on, to find the cause.
If you really wanted to drop Norton, I think Kaspersky is the best alternative, today. But it depends on the type of use you make of your PC, the internet, where you source applications and media from, and so on. While I am cautious of fake emails, spoofed web addresses, and so on (social engineering attacks), I basically rely on Norton to protect me no matter what I do on the PC, and it does.