The settings in your screenshots look fine, so if I had to guess the issue would be somewhere in your networking, e.g. with the router or something like that. It could also be something to do with the device running the MC server too.
In my case I'm running a pretty good Wi-Fi 6E tri-band router (with MC's port forwarded in the router) and 1GB ethernet to the main devices I have. Examples using the 1GB ethernet being my NAS that's my storage for media and my Orange Pi 5B that's my MC server and I experience no issues with multiple devices. From there connecting with devices via the local IP address is instant, and access via access key is about a second with both using Wi-Fi.
BTW you shouldn't disable Windows Firewall - in fact, I don't think you can fully in Windows 10 or 11, and it's kinda futile to be disabling Windows features like the firewall and Defender, as doing so can cause all kinds of unforeseen issues. Better off leaving them enabled and taming them.